Henry albert fleuss



(No Model.)

H. A. FLEUSS.

GOMPRESSION 0R EXHAUST PUMP.

No. 517,337. Patented Mar. 27, 1894.

wAsmNaYou. o. c.

ms NAnomu. LITHOGRAFHING COMPANY.

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY ALBERT FLEUSS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

COMPRESSION OR EXHAUST PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 517,337, dated March2'7, 1894. Application filed December S, 1892. Serial No. 454,517- (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY ALBERT FLEUSS,

engineer, a subject of the Queen of Great Br1ta1n,and a resident ofStaines, London. England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Compression or Exhaust Fumps, of which the following isa specification, reference being had to the accompany- 1ng drawings. Myinvention relates to pumps, and its object 1s to provide a pump whichmay be used either as a compression pump or as an ex.- haust pump forthe production of high vacua. Mechanical pumps have not hitherto beenused to any great extent for this latter purpose, the vacuum in Geisslertubes or incandescent lamp bulbs for example being generally obtained bythe use of some form of mercury pump such as the well-known Geissler orSprengel pump. Serious objections have been raised to the employment ofmercury pumps chiefly on account of the time taken to exhaust even amoderate sized globe. Moreover for other practical purposes such as theproduction of ice by what is known as Oarres method mercury pumps arefragile and cumbersome and a mechanical pump which will easily andquickly produce a high vacuum is therefore very desirable.

My invention consists in the features of construction and thecombination or arrangement of parts hereinafter described and claimed,reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in, which- Figure 1is a sectional elevation of a pump adapted for use either as ac'ompression or an' exhaust pump, and constructed according to myinvention.- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the upper part ofa similar pump but constructed to be used for exhausting only. Fig. 3 isa section on the line w, 00 Fig. 1.

A is the pump barrel. B is the piston or plunger; 0 the cover of thebarrel. D is the compression or air-chamber. D is the delivery pipe; andE is the suction pipe.

The barrel proper preferably consists of a liner A inclosed in a castingA whichis constructed with an enlarged part A thus forming an annularspace around the liner into which space the suction pipe E enters. Thecasting A is made with a flanged base A by piston B.

which it can be secured to the floor for example if desired. The saidcasting has a cupped flange A at its upper end to which the cover 0 issecured by bolts 0. An elastic washer C is provided between the coverand flange as shown. 011 may be placed in the cupped flange A around thecover 0 to seal the joint. I prefer that the bolts 0 should have theirheads below the flange, the nuts being screwed down on to the cover asshown, the leakage of the sealing liquid round the head of the boltbeing thereby obviated. The cover 0 is coned internally at C and isperforated with a ring of holes C through which air and oil are sweptout on the ascent of the The piston rod B is furnished with a looseflanged collar B which can slide up and down in a central aperture inthe cover 0 which is turned out as at O to receive the flange of thesaid collar. The said collar is of such length that it makes contactwith and is raised by the piston or spider hereinafter described justbefore the completion of the up stroke ofthe latter.

C is a hat-leather which clasps the piston rod B and makes an airtightjoint round the same, the flat part (3 of the latter being spread overthe holes 0 to form a valve.

On the top of the flat or valve portion of the hat leather I place aring O having an upward extension the purpose of which is hereinaftermore particularly described. The piston B is formed with a lower flangeB against which the fiat part of a deep cup or bucket leather B issecured by means of a ring B screwed on the piston. The said ring isfurnished with arms B and the piston rod is secured thereto by screwingor by other suitable means. The bucket leather B is adapted to fitagainst the barrel proper A and The valve beds on to a A is furnishedwith openings A which afford a means of communication betweentheinterior of the barrel and theannular chamber E. The openings A arechamfered or countersunk on the inside so as to prevent the leather Bbeing chafed. The space above the piston is filled to such a depth withoil, water or other suitable liquid that when the piston is at thebottom of its stroke the oil is on a level with the bottom of theorifices A When the piston is raised, some of the oil flowsinto theannular chamber E until the orifices A are covered by the bucket leatherB The said annular chamber acts as a trap to prevent the oil or otherliquid gaining access to the Vessel to be exhausted or into the air. Thepiston now sweeps out the air from the barrel through the perforations Cuntil the top part of the spider 13 comes in contact with the loosecollar B and raises the same and also the hat leather 0 until the top ofthe spider comes in contact with and is arrested by the bottom of thecover 0. A stop is provided for the ring 0 which encircles thehatleather to prevent the same being lifted too high when commencing towork the pump. The piston will then be at the end of its upward strokeand most of the oil will have flowed freely through the perforations Ginto the oil chamber C. The coned cover of the pump barrel insures thatall the air shall bedriven out of the pump barrel and that no air ismechanically entangled in the oil at the top of the piston. WVhen thepiston begins to descend the hat leather 0 is kept in a raised positionby the loose collar B until the piston has traveled a short distancedown so that the oil forced past the valve in the up stroke of thepiston now flows back again to the top of the piston until it reachesthe level it had before the collar was raised. lVhen the collar reachesthe lower limit of its travel the hat-leather valve shuts and no moreoil is allowed to pass. While the piston is descending, the valve 13 isopen to allow the air and finally oil to flow from the bottom of thepiston to the top and open communication between the upper part of thebarrel and the annular space E. The piston having reached the bottom ofits stroke the valve closes, the orifices A are uncovered and theannular chamber E is put into direct communication with the upper partof the barrel. The upper orcompression chamber of the pump is formed bya casting D, the lower part of which forms the cover 0. The upper partof the castingD is furnished with a cover D having a cylindrical part Dextending downward nearly to the bottom and the piston rod 13' runs upthrough the said cylindrical part. A hat leather D which forms thepiston rod packing is fastened to a ring D which is hung by springs D tothe cylinder. This part D is filled with oil to form a seal and preventleakage of air round the piston rod. A chamber F is provided in the pipeD with an inverted cone of wire gauze F through which the compressed airpasses being thus freed from any 011.

D is a plug which can be removed to ad- 'mit of oil being poured intothe chamber D.

Or oil may be poured into the suction pipe E while the pump is slowlyworking until t runs out at the hole for the plug D which 1s thenscrewed in tightly. If the suction pipe E be connected to a closedchamber such for example as the bulb of an incandescent lamp it will beeasily understood that on working the piston up and down in the pumpbarrel the air will be gradually drawn therefrom and forced into thecompression chamber D whence it may be allowed to escape into theatmosphere, or may be stored in a suitable receiver. Thus I can by meansof my improved pump exhaust the air or any other fluid from one vesseland force it nto another vessel. If compressed air is required theexhaust pipe E may be opened to the atmosphere. If the pump be requiredfor exhaust purposes onlyI prefer to construct the upper part of alighter build since it is not required to Withstand pressure, and I use011 or other liquid of very low vapor tension for the seals. Thispreferred form is shown 111 Fig. 2 where D is a metal tube firmlysecured to a piece D which is adapted to screw into the end of the cover0 hereinbefore described. The cap D with its cylinder I) is soldered ashort distance inside the metal tube D and the part of the tube abovethe cap is perforated with holes D". The hat leather and other devicesat the bottom of the cylinder D maybe dispensed with and an upper cap Dthrough which the piston rod 1) passes 1s slightly forced into the endof the tube D. The upper cap D hasa downwardly depending flange D whichextends so far as to cover but not close the perforations D for the exitof the air.

The objects of the arrangement of the upper part of the pump hereinabovedescribed is to prevent the oil or other liquid from splashing orspurting out when the pump is worked, and to prevent loss of the liquidshould the pump be inverted. It is obvious that if the pump be invertedthe oil merely fills the space between the tube D and cylinder D butcannot run out of the air holes D and when the pump is restored to itsupright position the oil flows back to its proper receptaele.

It is easily understood that the hat leather 0 forms both the valve inthe pump barrel cover and also serves to pack the piston rod. Theleather being always saturated with oil is maintained soft and suppleand the pressure which exists in the upperpart of the pump when beingworked keeps it pressed tightly against the piston rod even if thelatter be not turned quite true. I prefer that the piston rod should beattached to the handle or connecting rod G of the pump by a cotter asshown at G so that the end thereof may be smooth without any screwthreads. The hat leather may then be slipped on without injury. Thebucket leather B forms a very efficient piston packing the annular spaceB allowing it to give slightly to the inequalities if any in the sidesof the pump barrel while the oil acts as a seal in a well-known manner.When charging the pump having its upper part D constructed as shown inFig. 2, with oil, said upper part is unscrewed from the lower by meansof the milled part D The chamber 0 isthen filled with oil and the upperpart is replaced whereupon the pump is worked a few strokes; the upperpart is again unscrewed and the oil chamber filled up and on screwing itdown tightly again the pump will be ready for use.

In some cases it may be preferred to form the oil trap E from sheetmetal soldered or otherwise secured to the pump barrel instead ofconstructing it in the manner shown, or the oil trap may be simply anenlargement in the suction pipe E which is large enough to containdouble the quantity of oil used in the pump.

It is obvious that suitable piston rings may be used to pack the pistoninstead of using the bucket leather, but for the purpose of exhaustionespecially when a high vacuum is required I prefer the method of packingshown.

Pumps constructed as above described may be used for a variety ofpurposes whenever'a vacuum is required, such as for instance inartificial ice making and exhausting incandescent lamp bulbs. When usingit in the manufacture of sugar in connection with vacuum pans, it may beimmersed in a cold water bath, and the steam from the pans may be passedthrough a condenser in order to keep the pump cool. The pump in thatcase will exhaust or force both liquid and vapor or airindiscriminately.

What I claim is 1. The combination of the pump barrel, the piston,piston rod,cover C forming areceptaole for oil and having outletopenings 0 a valve closing said outlet openings and means whereby saidvalve is mechanically lifted by the piston when the latter reaches theupper limit of its travel, and kept lifted during part of'the downstroke substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.

2. The combination of the pump barrel, the piston, piston rod, cover 0forming a receptacle for oil and having outlet openings 0 a looseflanged collar B surrounding said rod and adapted to be lifted by thepiston when the latter reaches the upper limit of its travel, and keptlifted during part of the down stroke a hat leather 0 surrounding saidrod and supported by said flanged collar, said leather forming a valveadapted to close the outlet openings 0 and to be raised from saidopenings when the collar is lifted by the piston, substantially as, andfor the purpose, specified.

3. The combination, with the pump barrel,

-of the piston B, rod B, coned cover 0, loose flanged collar Bsurrounding said piston rod and adapted to slide in a central aperturein the cover 0 hat leather 0 forming both valve and piston-rod packing,and supported by said collar, and the chamber D provided with a.

cover D having a downwardly depending cylinder D substantially as, andfor the purpose, set forth.

4. In a pump, the combination of the piston rod, the hat leather Dforming a packing for the same, and the ring D supporting the said hatleather and suspended by springs, for the I purpose specified.

In witness whereof I'have hereunto set my hand this 8th day of November,1892.

HENRY ALBERT FLEUSS.

, Witnesses:

F. WHE'IALL, Y

14 Garfield Rd., S. W W. MORRIS, v 41 Romt'lly Rd.

